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In Lifehacker’s series, “A Guide to Automating Your Entire Home,” we’re highlighting all the ways you can power your home with autonomous technology, room by room. Whether you want to build a smart security system, turn a “dumb” device smart, or simply control your lights from your phone, this guide will help walk you through it.
So, you want to start a smart home, but you don't know where to begin? Whether you're starting a smart home from scratch or figuring out how to configure the one you already have, the good news is that it's much less of a headache now than it used to be. Smart home tech has undergone significant simplification in recent years, partly due to the consolidation of platforms and standardization of connected protocols. You just choose your path based on the ecosystem you want to operate in, and then build out your repertoire of devices—things like video doorbells, security cameras, and smart lights—from there. It's all fairly straightforward at that point, so the important thing is choosing the right smart home ecosystem before you begin.
The main players here are Google, Apple, and Amazon, which you'll want to choose by determining which control interface you'd prefer. That's because the Matter protocol that most modern smart devices work on is compatible with all three, so it's really the software experience that matters most here. That said, you will also occasionally also run into the Z-Wave and Zigbee protocols when setting up legacy devices, so it's important to double check your chosen ecosystem's support for these if you have a lot of old gear sitting around. (Usually, this relies less on your software and more on your hubs—or, in other words, the central devices that anchor your smart home devices together.)
With that explained, let's run through everything you need to know to pick a smart home ecosystem.
Google Home
The Google Nest Audio. Credit: Florence Ion/Lifehacker
Anyone who is already deeply embedded in the Google ecosystem, whether through an Android device, Chromebook, or the Chrome browser, will probably find this ecosystem to be the most comfortable for them. The Google ecosystem is a smart home platform built entirely around the Google Home app and Google Assistant—soon to be Gemini. That means it seamlessly integrates with your Google account and other services, including Gmail, Google Photos, and YouTube, which is a huge plus for people that make heavy use of those apps.
On a hardware/protocol level, devices like the Nest Hub smart display and Nest Wifi Pro mesh router are equipped with Matter, so again, they'll work with most current smart home devices. Additionally, they also serve as Thread border routers, with Thread being a low-power protocol that helps maintain your devices' connection throughout your smart home. Additional smart devices with Thread built in help extend that range, but these can help boost it if you notice it's lacking.
As for the software experience, your Nest Hub smart displays and Google speakers will act as your smart home's control interface. Or, you could also use an Android device with hands-free "Hey, Google" activated to control your smart devices. iPhone users can tap into this ecosystem natively through iOS, too, although it relies on a combination of the Google app and Google Home apps. Additionally, you'll need an external Nest device, like a Nest Hub or a Google TV Streamer (4K), to act as an anchor. Android users are fully embedded into the ecosystem, meaning less of a reliance on Google's smart home apps, but there are ways to set up Shortcuts on iOS that partially replicate this experience.
The best part about the Google smart home ecosystem is that it's compatible with third-party manufacturers, including some of the more obscure ones on the market, such as Rachio, a smart sprinkler controller, and Wiz, Philips Hue (Signify)'s budget-friendly line. Google also has the strongest track record for contextual voice commands, and the company will continue to build on it even as Gemini starts powering the helm. Google says that Gemini will bring more natural language conversations and deeper intelligence in automations.
Even if you don't care for voice assistants, the Google Home ecosystem also has a robust smart home routines editor. It's a newer offering since Matter was rolled out, but it has helped enhance the relative tinkerability of the platform.
Apple HomeKit
The Apple HomePod mini serves as a hub for HomeKit. Credit: Florence Ion/Lifehacker
Apple HomeKit, controlled by the Apple Home app, is the preferred smart home ecosystem if you already have an iPhone, iPad, and/or Mac in your life. Apple relies on a combination of wifi, Bluetooth, and Thread for connections, and a specific Apple device is required to act as an anchor for your smart home control. This could be a HomePod (second generation), HomePod mini, or Apple TV 4K (second generation, or third generation with 128GB storage), all of which have the requisite components for acting as Thread routers. It's also worth noting that the iPhone 16 Pro functions as a Matter controller, but you'll still need a "core" device, such as a HomePod mini, to enable remote access, shared control within the household, automations, and routines, as well as end-to-end encrypted video.
As is standard inside Apple's walled garden of highly curated but less-open apps, its smart home ecosystem adheres to the idea that it should be secure and well-managed. Apple is the curator of device compatibility within this ecosystem, so while it supports Matter, it also requires third parties to undergo a strict MFi certification process, which stands for "Made for iPhone/iPad." Apple maintains a list of devices that have been certified for use with its products. If you're already accustomed to this lifestyle, it's not a significant change from the status quo, but it can make building out your smart home with Apple seem limited compared to doing it with Google or Amazon.
However, an upside to Apple's smart home ecosystem is that it's particularly privacy-focused, especially compared to Google and Amazon's ecosystems. HomeKit prioritizes local processing, relying on devices like the HomePod to execute routines and commands rather than pinging external servers. Apple will also allow you to encrypt security footage from HomeKit-compatible cameras, ensuring it is never transmitted to the company's servers. This contrasts with Google, which still heavily relies on cloud servers for video storage and advanced features, like face detection. The Gemini smarts coming to Google Home will also initially rely on cloud processing.
Amazon Alexa
The Amazon Echo Dot. Credit: Florence Ion/Lifehacker
Amazon was the first to introduce consumer-ready smart home products, all the way back in 2014. Since the days of its first smart speaker and early forays into Alexa, the Amazon smart home ecosystem has become the most robust and expansive option compared to those of Google and Apple, even if it doesn't rely on a familiar interface you might be used to from your Android or iOS phone.
Connection is primarily based on wifi, although some Amazon Echo smart speakers and displays also serve as Zigbee hubs. This low-power protocol has served as a de facto standard for many older smart home devices, but don't expect support for modern gear to be lacking. To that end, Amazon has fully embraced Matter from the get-go. Most of the Echo devices currently available also serve as Matter controllers and/or Thread border routers. Alexa-compatible devices are also generally more affordable compared to other offerings.
Amazon's Alexa voice assistant runs the show, and its companion app is what you'll use to configure commands, set automations, and select services that are connected. However, the digital assistant has seen little consumer-facing action in recent years, with Amazon focusing on foundational improvements to its backend instead. We're still waiting for Amazon to provide more details about its long-term strategy for ambient computing, dubbed Alexa+, which is currently in early access. The idea is that Alexa will work in the background, turning on lights and adjusting the climate in your home without you having to utter a word. You can sign up to try out the contextual chatbot before it's live.
When it does launch, Alexa+ will require a monthly subscription of $20 per month unless you're already an Amazon Prime member. A "classic" version of Alexa will still be available for basic voice commands, such as playing music, setting timers, and executing pre-configured routines.
Matter: The smart home unifier
With the three major smart home ecosystems explained, let's dive more into their protocols. I've mentioned it a few times already, but the most important word to know when putting together a smart home or updating an existing one is Matter. Matter is a unifying protocol that took years of coordination between major companies and trade organizations, such as the Consumer Standards Alliance (CSA), to become the pre-eminent standard connecting the modern smart home. It is not an ecosystem, but rather a language that enables devices from various ecosystems to communicate with one another. Matter was introduced to solve a fragmentation problem that was affecting the adoption of the smart home. If you're not sure your smart devices will be able to communicate with each other, you might hold off on buying anything at all, which hurts the whole industry.
Matter operates on top of existing network protocols, such as wifi and Thread. It works with all major smart home ecosystems, as well as some lesser-known ones. Although Matter is still in its nascent era, its existence can help you avoid getting locked into a specific ecosystem. The standard has also helped simplify setup, and it's more future-proof than the previous generation of smart home devices.
Z-Wave and Zigbee: Old faithfuls
Zigbee and Z-Wave have been around for a long time, dating back to the early days of the smart home. Before wifi became a sufficient enough connector for low-power devices, these two protocols were the primary method of communication between them. If you were shopping for smart devices that required energy efficiency, such as a motion sensor or smart light switch, you would rely on either Zigbee or Z-Wave to connect.
Zigbee and Z-Wave were designed to be energy-efficient, which is why many battery-powered smart gadgets use these protocols. Zigbee and Z-Wave also employ a mesh network architecture, which allows each device logged onto the network to act as a repeater to help extend the signal's range. This is exceptionally helpful in building out the smart home in large homes and hard-to-reach spots, such as basements and backyards.
These protocols are still highly relevant if you're planning to build a robust, automated smart home, and they're often the best connection choice for battery-powered sensors and devices. Matter is merely the bridge that allows you to bring all your Zigbee and Z-Wave devices into a single app for control. Most recently released smart home hubs, such as this one from Aeotec, support both Zigbee and Z-Wave, in addition to Matter and wifi.
Automations: The best part of having a smart home
The allure of the smart home is that you could have everything, from your lights to your air conditioning, scheduled and programmed without having to command it beforehand. For each ecosystem, the fundamental logic of automations and routines is generally the same: They follow the "if this happens, then trigger this action" principle. In many cases, you don't need voice input to have these kinds of "ambient" actions working throughout your home. Each ecosystem has its own name for these. Amazon refers to them as "routines," while Apple and Google call them "automations." (Google used to call them routines, but it's transitioning away from that moniker.) The concept remains the same across the board.
Google Home's automations are relatively straightforward. They can be triggered by a specific time of day or based on a combination of conditions. For instance, you can set up a "leaving home" automation that's based on your location. When your phone is detected outside a preset geofence, your Nest cameras can automatically turn on and start recording. At the same time, your lights could dim to a minimal level, and any doors with smart locks could be set to lock automatically. All of these settings can be easily configured right in the Google Home app. For users who need more sophisticated, conditional logic, Google also offers an online script editor to build custom routines.
Apple HomeKit's Automations are more privacy-focused, as they occur on-device and rely on a hub, such as the HomePod mini or Apple TV 4K, for remote execution. You can easily set automations through the Apple Home app on iOS or iPadOS. Automations involve triggers such as a person arriving or leaving the home, a specific time of day, a HomeKit-compatible sensor being triggered, or a change in accessory status, like when a smart bulb turns on. And like Google's Routines, Apple's Automations can adjust scenes, which are preset combinations of device settings and individual accessories across the home.
Amazon's Routines work similarly. They need a key trigger, whether it's a voice command, motion detection from a sensor, or a device status, like an open door. Alexa is great for controlling lights and smart plugs, playing music and podcasts on specific devices, and even sending messages to another Alexa-enabled device, whether it's an Echo smart speaker or the Alexa app on someone's phone. Amazon's Alexa routine builder has long been regarded as one of the most user-friendly options on the market. We'll see if it maintains that status when Alexa+ comes into the fold.
Before the introduction of Matter, you had to be careful about which devices you brought into your smart home, as different ecosystems and brands often didn't work together. Matter's entire reason for existence was to unify the fragmented market, where an Apple HomeKit accessory would not work with a Google Home speaker. While Matter, as a protocol, doesn't handle automations, it does allow devices to communicate with a hub that works across various ecosystems. The hub can, for instance, enable a motion sensor from a different manufacturer to be used as a trigger for a smart light from a different ecosystem, with Matter acting as the bridge.
How to choose the right smart home ecosystem
Ultimately, I can't tell you which is the best smart home ecosystem for you, because it's entirely up to your needs and preferences. If you are particularly privacy-focused, the Apple HomeKit ecosystem may be precisely what you want, even with its higher cost and fewer offerings. If you're a diehard iPhone and Mac user, it's also the way to go. The same applies to Android users who are already logged into a Google account and embedded into the ecosystem.
If you're in a mixed-platform smart home, the best way to choose your unifying anchor is to consider which voice assistant you prefer to communicate with. If you're fine with Siri and prefer the idea of commands being executed on-device, stick with HomeKit. If you're a big fan of Google and you have existing Nest products, or even a Chromecast, that's the way to go. And if you'd rather have the simplest experience among the three, Amazon's Alexa remains the easiest to interface with.
